Bronchodilators, Made Simple
A clear, modern overview of bronchodilators—how they relax airway smooth muscle, where they’re used, and what to watch for.
This article is for education only and not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Beta-2 Agonists (suffix: -terol)
Beta-2 agonists stimulate β2 receptors in airway smooth muscle → bronchodilation and improved airflow.
SABAs (Short-Acting)
- Rapid relief of bronchospasm and acute symptoms
- Common example: albuterol
- Used for acute asthma attacks
LABAs (Long-Acting)
- Maintenance therapy for asthma and COPD
- Example: salmeterol
- Often combined with inhaled corticosteroids for long-term control
Anticholinergics (suffix: -tropium)
Anticholinergics block muscarinic receptors, reduce mucus production, and relax bronchial smooth muscle.
Short-acting
- ipratropium — quick onset
Long-acting
- tiotropium — maintenance (COPD/asthma)
Methylxanthines (suffix: -phylline)
Methylxanthines inhibit phosphodiesterase → higher cAMP → bronchodilation and decreased airway responsiveness.
- Main example: theophylline (therapeutic drug monitoring is often required)
- Consider caffeine sensitivity—these are xanthine derivatives
Education Pearls
- Use inhalers in the prescribed order when combined with steroids.
- Rinse the mouth after steroid inhalers to lower the risk of thrush.
- Know your “reliever” (often a SABA) vs. “controller” (LABA ± inhaled steroid) therapy.
Common Side Effects
- tachycardia, palpitations, tremor/shakiness
- nervousness, dizziness, insomnia
- dry mouth; anticholinergics: blurred vision, constipation, reduced secretions
- For theophylline: monitor for toxicity (dysrhythmias, seizures)
- Report persistent side effects to a clinician
Cited Keywords & Referral Links
Each keyword below links to a dedicated page on gyathshammha.com.
Bottom line
Bronchodilators improve airflow by relaxing airway smooth muscle. Short-acting agents (like albuterol) rescue acute symptoms, while long-acting therapies (salmeterol, tiotropium) help maintain control—often alongside inhaled steroids. Theophylline is an option in select cases with careful monitoring.
Disclaimer: This content summarizes common educational points reflected in an infographic and general pharmacology texts. It is not medical advice. Always consult a licensed clinician for diagnosis or treatment decisions.